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When my grandfather died, I was permitted to scrounge in his electronic lab before my grandmother cleaned it out.
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It was located in the basement, above the sub-basement, and it was a cluttered place. One, of course filled with all kinds of things that a 12 year old boy would find fascinating.
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He had these various bulbs, that would not be a radio tube, but wouldn’t be a light bulb either.
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They were special radiation emitting bulbs dating from around the 1930’s or so. My grandmother didn’t want me to get hurt by them, and warned me against them. So they were all discarded.
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Enjoy this little foray into my forgotten past, a past that is often neglected or forgotten in history.
Today…

Here is a concrete example. British fighter pilots in WW2 reported that the German fighter pilots had developed a new tactic: attacking from “out of the sun”.

The idea makes sense. If you can fly towards an enemy pilot from the same direction the sun is shining, he will have much more trouble seeing you since the sun is in his eyes.

The RAF started to develop tactics to train their pilots how to cope with this type of attack.

There was only one problem. The Germans did indeed have a new tactic, but attacking out of the sun wasn’t it. Instead, they trained their pilots to approach from the rear, where the enemy pilot can’t see at all. This tactic was so successful that most British pilots were killed when it was used.

As a result, those dead pilots never made it back to tell their anecdotes. Attacking out of the sun was much less effective, so many pilots survived to tell theirs.

Collecting only anecdotal evidence (which was very compelling) caused the Brits to completely fail to see the actual German tactics. This is known as reporting bias. Bias is (as in this example) common in anecdotes and hard to identify convincingly. That’s where science steps in, using techniques designed to reduce or eliminate bias.

Anecdotal accounts can sometimes be helpful. For example, one black swan is all you need to see to disprove the statement “all swans are white”. (This is a famous example). But having seen a black swan, we naturally but wrongly then conclude that swans are mostly white but some are black.

In fact, knowing that not all swans are white doesn’t tell us much more. There may be green swans. Or pink ones. We just don’t know.

At this point, we need a scientific study of swans, to find as many as possible, count them, and identify which colours they are. Then we can say what the proportions of white, black, green and pink swans are.

The Vet Hugged The Cat! A Minute Later, Something Unexpected Happened

Pictures

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OK, an actual Squid here and not one of Uncle Sam’s Misguided Children, and I was frocked. All Sailors advancing to the next rating get “promoted” on the same day, but not everybody gets the additional pay.

Enlisted promotions in the Navy go through quite a few steps.

  1. Get recommended for advancement by your command.
  2. Take the advancement test for intended rate and rating. In my case, I took the MR3 advancement test.
  3. Test scores and many other factors are compiled together. This assigns a score for each hopeful.
  4. The needs of the Navy are considered. Let’s say the Navy needs 100 MR3’s and 150 took the test and passed. The top 100 combined scores from step 3 will be advanced, the other 50 have to try during the next cycle in about 6 months.
  5. The selectees are divided into 3 groups. The top group will be fully promoted on the given date. The other two groups get frocked.
  6. Group 2 will start receiving the higher pay in one month.
  7. Group 3 (that was me) has to wait 2 months for the pay to kick in.

For those 2 months, I was a Petty Officer in all aspects except pay and time in rate which becomes important in compiling the Step 3 score for the next promotion. There is one other time that only being frocked is important. During those 2 months, had I gotten in trouble and had to stand at Captain’s Mast. Mast often comes with a reduction in rate. As I was only frocked, had I done this, I would have gone down to E-2 pay instead of the E-4 pay I was getting ready to spend.

As I said, I was a Petty Officer in everything except pay. My Crow was tacked on when I was frocked. It became real for me when over the 1MC I was paged to the quarterdeck. “Petty Officer Tannehill, Quarterdeck.”

I earned it, It ain’t never coming off!

China warns Trump over Greenland: Keep China out of your mouth!

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