The screen of Doris’s calculator now read: 773EE4+1/0. Ted stared at it as if it were a prophecy of the apocalypse

This was nearly ten years ago and I didn’t cry but I wanted to cry really bad.

I was a junior engineer with a well known global engineering firm. I was young, in my mid twenties and earning respect in my field. You could say that I had the world by the tail and I was on my way. I was a very independent woman, single and not looking. I dated occasionally but my standards were too high to date very often.

I had a strict diet and even stricter physical workout routine. As part of my physical fitness, I wore loose kegal balls all day long twice a week.

Long story short, one morning we were having a project management team meeting and because my team leader was out, I was called on to speak to the group from the podium. This was quasi typical but this day was a kegal ball day. Yes, I forgot that I was wearing the kegal balls as I did most of the time. Until, one worked its way into the perfect spot to want to slip out. I must have raised my arm or moved just right but I felt it slide into escape mode.

Here I am standing at the podium giving my weekly report to a group of 40ish engineers and I’ve got a rogue kegal trying to escape. I’m sure everyone noticed my body tense up as I instinctively gripped the slippery little 3/4” stainless steel ball. I tried to hold it but it didn’t work and I couldn’t help but gasp a little when it passed through and rested in my cotton panties. Luckily I wasn’t wearing my thong. Anyway, the sensation of the entire situation lubricated me to the point that the second ball dropped almost instantly creating an internal battle to suppress what I was sure going to be my first public orgasm standing at a podium in front of 40 people.

I did, I wanted to cry but I was able to control myself and finish my project report and walk back to my seat. After the meeting, several people asked if I was okay including the project manager. I passed it off as menstrual cramps and that usually shut them up.

Wait, what was the question?

Sledgehammer.

Now I already know the comments will explode because a polar bear is so powerful… you’re going to die…blah, blah, blah, blah.

Yes, I’m aware that a polar bear will win. But the question was, which weapon do I choose?

Let’s start with why the knife is a bad choice. The Bowie knife is 18″ long. It excels best at cutting or chopping (which the fur and hide make impossible). A polar bear’s fur is 6″ long and rests 2″ thick against its hide. A polar bear’s hide is over an inch thick and as tough as cattle hide. Under that is 5″ of blubber. That blubber is similar in resistance to ballistic gel, to say nothing of muscle and bone.

A realistic estimate based on forensic studies of knife murders shows 400–800 lbs of force is what a person can stab with if they fully commit ot an overhead stab ( one shot all or nothing). If the angle sucks, you’ll penetrate 2–4″ if you get an ideal stab, 4–8″ – that at best is 1″ into the meat of the bear and will not accomplish anything except making the bear more violent.

now about the hammer….

Sledgehammers have been used to cull cattle for centuries. One good hit and it’s over. If you know how to swing a sledge properly, you can generate up to 12,000 pounds of instantaneous force. Hold onto that number in your head because we will be using it later.

Only 5–10k lbs of force to crack a polar bear skull. See, bears don’t encounter blunt force; they mostly worry about the bite of other bears and are concerned with penetration.

Now will you get to land that blow with your hammer that puts the bear down? Almost certainly not, but there’s a chance.

I am, but not a very good one. Polar bears can charge at 25 mph. Unless you are Usain Bolt, you can’t get out of this confrontation with a “bloodlusted”, “hungry” 500- 1600 lb bear.

unless…….

You are facing off against an adolescent or decrepit old bear

I’d fight this one with a knife. ( the bear cub only)

Either weapon is fine for fighting this guy.

In which case, I will be the new owner of one of these:

Don’t fight bears.

10 Chilling Episodes of The Twilight Zone That Still Haunt Me

Step back into The Twilight Zone as I share my personal top 10 favorite episodes — the ones that still give me chills, laughs, and lessons decades later. From eerie parables to timeless human stories, here’s why these episodes still matter today.

By charging for it.

OpenAI has free and paid versions of ChatGPT.

If you use the free version and you don’t create an account: Everything you do is recorded and used to train AI models. You grant OpenAI the right to do this, without compensation, by using ChatGPT. You grant OpenAI a license to use your materials, including any input to ChatGPT, free and in perpetuity.

If you use the free version and you do create an account: By default, everything you do is recorded and used to train AI models. You grant OpenAI the right to do this, without compensation, by using ChatGPT. You may, if you choose, edit your settings to prevent OpenAI from training on the input you provide.

If you use the paid version: OpenAI does not train on the material you provide.

Remember, if you’re using the service for free, you are not the customer, you are the product.

People laugh when you say this, as if they think it’s a joke. It’s not. It’s literal (and legal) truth.

For example, consumer protection laws do not apply to you, because you are not a customer. Facebook’s customers are the people who buy advertising on Facebook, not the people who use Facebook.

Because you are not legally a customer, not only do consumer protection laws not apply to you, but discrimination laws don’t apply either. Social media sites are free to, for example, discriminate on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, or whatever else they want.

This is legal because anti-discrimination laws apply to the customers of a business and you are not a customer.

In the case of AI companies, it’s quite normal to have free and paid tiers. If you pay, you are a customer and the business incurs certain legal responsibilities toward you. If you don’t, you are not a customer, you are product, and the business makes money by either using your input without paying you, or by selling your eyes, your attention, or your data to its customers.

A customer is a person who exchanges money for a good or service. You aren’t paying? You’re not a customer. You might benefit from examining exactly how the company profits from you.

Bizarre, maybe not, but odd, terrifying (for me) and unexpected.

We were doing posterior neck surgery at about 2 am. In these cases the patient is face down on a frame that holds their head and body in a fixed position. And during the surgery at one point the neck is wide open. I mean you can see the bones of the spine and at times the spinal canal is open and the spinal cord is exposed.

It was at this point that one of the surgical residents fell asleep while standing up. He fell and as he went down he collided with an IV pole. They went down together and fell across the air/gas tubes connected to the endotracheal tube that was in the patient. So the ET tube was yanked out. The patient is in the prone position. Paralyzed. Neck is wide open. And now he has no way to deliver oxygen to his lungs. Normally you would flip the patient over and just reintubate. Not possible in this case. The first thing that goes through your mind is he is going to die. It will take too long to get him into a position to reintubate before he gets hypoxic brain damage.

So you do a hail mary. Luckily the patient was in a traction device with pins in the skull and the face was accessible. I got a mask and squeezed it tight over his nose and mouth while lying on my back on the floor and was able to ventilate the patient.

That bought enough time for one of nurses to get me a new tube while the surgeon furiously tried to get the neck into a condition where we could roll the patient over. I then tried a blind nasal intubation from below with the patient in traction in the prone position.

The anesthesia gods were smiling on me. I got the tube back into the trachea, secured it and put the patient back on the ventilator. The patient suffered no ill effects. We finished the surgery a couple of hours later. The worst thing that happened was a sore throat from having the tube pulled out with the balloon on it still inflated.

That is about as bizarre as it gets for me. But it shows why residents should not be working 36 or 48 hours straight with no time off.

Armed Robbery

China studied history and learned that superpowers through recent history must have dominance in energy and critical material to run its economy.

  • For England, it was coal that powered the first industrial revolution of its factories and ships to rule maritime trade.
  • For the U.S., it was oil and the emerging steel industry the powered the second industrial revolution and ran throughout the 20th century to the digital age.
  • For China, it will be the first global electrostate that will be powered largely with renewable to provide the most economical source of energy to run its manufacturing ecosystem . . plus the monopoly of rare earth minerals that control modern manufacturing ecosystem.

Scientists Say They Could Bring Back Woolly Mammoths. But Maybe They Shouldn’t

An artist’s impression of a woolly mammoth in a snow-covered environment.

Leonello Calvetti/Stocktrek Images/Getty Images/Stocktrek Images

Using recovered DNA to “genetically resurrect” an extinct species — the central idea behind the Jurassic Park films — may be moving closer to reality with the creation this week of a new company that aims to bring back woolly mammoths thousands of years after the last of the giants disappeared from the Arctic tundra.

Flush with a $15 million infusion of funding, Harvard University genetics professor George Church, known for his pioneering work in genome sequencing and gene splicing, hopes the company can usher in an era when mammoths “walk the Arctic tundra again.” He and other researchers also hope that a revived species can play a role in combating climate change.

“We are working towards bringing back species who left an ecological void as they went extinct,” the company, Colossal, said in answer to questions emailed by NPR. “As Colossal actively pursues the conservation and preservation of endangered species, we are identifying species that can be given a new set of tools from their extinct relatives to survive in new environments that desperately need them.”

To be sure, what’s being proposed is actually a hybrid created using a gene-editing tool known as CRISPR-Cas9 to splice bits of DNA recovered from frozen mammoth specimens into that of an Asian elephant, the mammoth’s closest living relative. The resulting animal — known as a “mammophant” — would look, and presumably behave, much like a woolly mammoth.

Some say reintroduced mammoths could help reverse climate change

Church and others believe that resurrecting the mammoth would plug a hole in the ecosystem left by their decline about 10,000 years ago (although some isolated populations are thought to have remained in Siberia until about 1,700 B.C.). The largest mammoths stood more than 10 feet at the shoulder and are believed to have weighed as much as 15 tons.

Mammoths once scraped away layers of snow so that cold air could reach the soil and maintain the permafrost. After they disappeared, the accumulated snow, with its insulating properties, meant the permafrost began to warm, releasing greenhouse gases, Church and others contend. They argue that returning mammoths — or at least hybrids that would fill the same ecological niche — to the Arctic could reverse that trend.

“With the reintroduction of the woolly mammoth … we believe our work will restore this degraded ecosystem to a richer one, similar to the tundra that existed as recently as 10,000 years ago,” the company says.

Love Dalén, a professor in evolutionary genetics at the Stockholm-based Centre for Palaeogenetics, is skeptical of that claim.

“I personally do not think that this will have any impact, any measurable impact, on the rate of climate change in the future, even if it were to succeed,” he tells NPR. “There is virtually no evidence in support of the hypothesis that trampling of a very large number of mammoths would have any impact on climate change, and it could equally well, in my view, have a negative effect on temperatures.”

The body of Lyuba, a baby woolly mammoth who lived about 42,000 years ago on the Yamal Peninsula of Siberia, is exhibited in Hong Kong.

South China Morning Post/South China Morning Post via Getty Images

The techniques might be better used to help endangered species

But even if the researchers at Colossal can bring back mammoths — and that is not certain — the obvious question is, should they?

“I can see some reasons to do the first steps where you are tinkering with cell lines and editing the genomes,” Dalén says. “I think there is a lot of technological development that can be done [and] we can learn a lot about how to edit genomes, and that could be really useful for endangered species today.”

Joseph Frederickson, a vertebrate paleontologist and director of the Weis Earth Science Museum in Menasha, Wis., was inspired as a child by the original Jurassic Park movie. But even he thinks that the more important goal should be preventing extinction rather than reversing it.

“If you can create a mammoth or at least an elephant that looks like a good copy of a mammoth that could survive in Siberia, you could do quite a bit for the white rhino or the giant panda,” he tells NPR.

Especially for animals that have “dwindling genetic diversity,” Frederickson says, adding older genes from the fossil record or entirely new genes could increase the health of those populations.

Speaking with NPR in 2015, Beth Shapiro, a paleogeneticist at the University of California, Santa Cruz and author of How to Clone a Mammoth: The Science of De-Extinction, said emphatically, “I don’t want to see mammoths come back.”

“It’s never going to be possible to create a species that is 100% identical,” she said. “But what if we could use this technology not to bring back mammoths but to save elephants?”

Mammoths might upset existing ecosystems

Colossal’s expressed aim also brings up another ethical concern: Although the extinction of the mammoth thousands of years ago left a gap in the ecosystem, that ecosystem has presumably now adapted, at least imperfectly, to their absence.

“There is a new normal that has existed for thousands of years that has adapted to the continually changing climate,” Frederickson says. “Bringing back something that has all the characteristics that would have thrived in the Pleistocene doesn’t necessarily mean it’s going to survive today, especially when you’re mixing in the unknowns of other genes that are acting in a warm-weather tropical animal and then trying to move it to a new environment.”

“There were plants and animals that were living alongside the mammoth that are now long gone or have drastically shrunk in their range, and just bringing back the mammoth won’t bring those back,” he says.

Colossal says it’s not trying to bring back an invasive species but instead wants to “enrich an ecosystem that has been, and continues to be, steadily degrading without its presence.”

In yet a different sense, there’s the question of how mammoths might fit in.

“The proposed ‘de-extinction’ of mammoths raises a massive ethical issue. The mammoth was not simply a set of genes — it was a social animal, as is the modern Asian elephant,” Matthew Cobb, a professor of zoology at the University of Manchester, told The Guardian, in 2017. “What will happen when the elephant-mammoth hybrid is born? How will it be greeted by elephants?”

Predicted six-year timeline would be exceptionally short

All of this, of course, assumes that producing a mammophant is even possible. Colossal says it hopes to produce an embryo in six years. But with an estimated 1.4 million individual genetic mutations separating the ancient creatures from Asian elephants, the task of gene splicing could prove a mammoth undertaking.

Perhaps an even bigger obstacle might be developing an artificial uterus for gestating the embryos. Even Church acknowledges that this might not be so easy. Among other things, the company plans to create “a pumping system for exchange of gas, nutrient and waste metabolites, and umbilical blood supply with the goal of carrying a woolly mammoth embryo to term in vitro.” Researchers have been working on just such a device, but technical hurdles remain.

“Is this going to happen anytime soon? The answer is absolutely not,” says Frederickson.

Dalén agrees that the six-year timeline is “exceptionally short.” “It seems pretty ambitious,” he says.

But Church and his colleagues aren’t alone in their ambition. The idea of mammoth de-extinction has been around for some time, and other groups, such as the California-based nonprofit Revive & Restore, which last year managed the first-ever clone of an endangered species, the black-footed ferret, have also been working on a mammoth-elephant hybrid.

The traditional scientific view is that our ancestors hunted the mammoth to extinction, while more recent theories point to habitat destruction at the end of the last ice age as the biggest factor, but with humans still copping part of the blame.

Frederickson thinks that’s one of the reasons that the question of de-extinction — fueled by pop culture and real-world advances in science — is raised so frequently by the patrons at the museum he heads. “I think, as humans, we have a little bit of guilt in us, still knowing that we almost certainly contributed to that extinction event.”

“This may be a way of getting that burden off of our backs,” he says.

It was that bad, maybe even worse.

My mother’s parents made it through and managed to keep the house.

  • Her mother had a job as a nurse in a hospital and, while hours and pay/hour were reduced, brought home enough to pay the mortgage and property taxes.
  • Her father was a dentist and earned enough to pay for food and utilities.
    • But many a time, the customers would trade casual labor, or fix the plumbing, & etc. in lieu of cash.
  • The car was put up on blocks and wasn’t taken down and driven until after WW2 ended.
    • My grandfather walked to work.
    • My grandmother walked to the L (train station) and rode the L-train to the hospital (which had a train station across the street).

My father’s parents also had a tough time:

  • My youngest aunt was born at home as hospitals were only used for serious injuries, or major illnesses
  • His father had both hours and wages/hour drastically reduced.
    • Full time work only resumed on the eve of the US entering WW2
  • His mother rode the bud to work (she was a cook) and also had a reduction in hours and wages/hour

Some general experiences:

  • When the soles of shoes wore out, people would stuff cardboard in to keep them going:

Replacing worn out insoles in this case. yea, it’s taken from that lesson. And the material here is left over flooring vinyl from a kitchen project.

  • They didn’t have 2% milk, but to stretch whole milk they cut it 1/2-1/2 with powdered milk and water. My grandmother on my mother’s side did this to her dying day.
  • My grand father, on my father;s side, swiped an electric motor from work and added it to the treadle Singer sewing machine to help my grandmother with her sewing repair of the threadbare clothes, sheets, & etc. That sewing machine was still in their house in the 1960s.
    • My dad got up at 6:00 AM to stoke the coal furnace. (I still have that coal shovel.)
    • My grandfather dug up the small back yard and planted vegetables.
    • He also made his own wine. (Drink it fast before it gets cloudy. And I inherited the stoneware vessels that he used to crush the rhubarb that was his main ingredient.)
      • And, to top it off, he saved the scrap fat from the butcher and made soap. (Do not visit him the day that he was working the rendered fat.)

My experience? I was taught to make do that you have and to do what you could safely do:

Repair a stairwell:

Make a bench from the recovered scrap:

Build cabinets from old wine boxes:

The hinges were from a home improvement store. The handles and decorations were from a thrift shop.

Repair a washing machine:

That broken part’s down there somewhere.

Square a corner, insulate, sheetrock, mud & tape, and paint:

Also make my own bread:

(All images, mine)

Repair furniture:

Like my $6.99 home office chair from a thrift shop:

So, yea, it was that bad! I learned a lot from those old folks and their frugal ways.

PS. I also learned to use that frugality to help others less blessed as I was over the years:

Grocery store discount shelf items for a friend’s church’s food shelf.

//NOTE: All images, mine.

Veronica Parkos

Horror Science Fiction Suspense

The crackle of the VHF radio broke the quiet hum of the cabin.“—day, May—… Mayday…”Mike leaned forward, fingers adjusting the squelch knob of the radio to cut through the static. The voice returned, choppy and low — definitely a woman’s.“All… dead. I—only… survivor.”Goosebumps prickled down his arms. He grabbed the mic. “Unidentified vessel, this is the Chalkydron, repeat your position. Over.”Nothing but static.He flipped to the secondary display, pulled up radar — no nearby contacts. The AIS was blank. He tried again.“Mayday caller, we received your transmission. Can you give your coordinates? What is your vessel’s name?”There was a pause. Then, softly:“Turn around.”The hairs on his neck stood straight and he turned his head to the stern. Fog greeted him as it began wrapping around the ship, snuffing the sun’s evening glow. He looked back to his distress beacon and gulped – it finally locked onto the signal.The call was coming from directly below his position.A loud horn cut through the fog, snapping Mike’s attention up. He reached for his own horn switch and pressed long and hard. Two more blasts cut through the fog and Mike turned on the ship’s deck lights.

“Unidentified vessel – This is the HMS Chronospear. You’re transmitting a distress signal. Confirm status,” a male voice came through his radio.

“This is the Chalkydron. Wasn’t me,” Mike responded. “I heard the call, but my beacon is pinging the signal to be coming from directly beneath me. Over.”

“Say Again?”

Mike gripped the arm of his seat.

“The coordinates match this location, but I did not transmit the signal. Over.”

Just as Mike answered the question, a larger naval ship’s outline began to appear in the fog.

Chalkydron – We have received a distress signal originating from your location. For your safety and ours, we request permission to come alongside and conduct a boarding inspection. Please respond.”

“Permission granted. Standing by.” Mike turned off his engine and let the boat drift in idle – ready for boarding. He watched across the fog as a small boarding party gathered and lowered into the water.

Their RIB sped across, slapping against the waves. One of the members tossed a line to Mike and he tied it off.

A young man in uniform stood and boarded the ship first. He stretched out a gloved hand and Mike grasped it firmly.

“Chief Petty Officer Bradly of the HMS Chronospear,” the young man told him.

“Captain Mike Harrow, Chalkydron.”

Chief Bradly’s gaze swept over the empty deck.

“Is there anyone else on board?”

“Just me. I was just returning home from a day of fishing when the distress signal came through.”

Chief Bradly nodded, face still stern.

“Do you mind if we take a look below?” he asked Mike and pointed toward the cabin.

“Not at all,” Mike offered and walked them through. He showed them his sleeping quarters in the lower level. “As you can see, there’s not much room in her for a large crew.”

Above, Mike’s radio cracked again.

“May—… Mayday..” a woman’s voice rang through. Mike and Chief Bradly glanced at each other before rushing up the steps.

“Bradly, is everything alright over there? Over,” a voice came through Chief Bradly’s handheld.

“Everything is fine here. Do you hear the distress signal? Over.”

“We do. We are looking for the source as we speak. You may want to wrap it up over there and return so we find the vessel. Over.”

“Confirmed,” Chief Bradly turned back to Mike.

“I suppose—” he started but Mike’s radio came through again.

“I am the only survivor left!” a female’s voice came clearly. Chief Bradly froze.

“Petty Officer Williams, front and center!” he called out to his team. A woman stepped forward and saluted.

“Yes, sir?” she asked.

“That voice sounded just like you, is there any chance there may be a recording somehow?”

She glanced at the radio. Static sizzled for a moment, then, as if to answer an unspoken question, a voice rang through again.

“Save yourselves…” the voice said. Everyone looked at the radio, then back to Petty Officer Williams. Her eyes widened in horror.

“Sir, I don’t understand. That IS my voice, but I’ve never recorded any messages. I swear.”

Chief Bradly looked unamused.

“As protocol, I’ll need to escort you back to the ship,” he told her.

Resigned, she nodded once.

“Understood Chief. Lead the way.”

Chief Bradly took a step forward but suddenly, the entire boat jolted, causing him to lose his footing.

Everyone looked around, trying to find the source.

Another jolt. This time, several of them fell.

“Something’s hitting the boat,” Chief Bradly spoke into his radio. “Can you see anything? Over.”

“Chief Bradly, unfortunately, we’re dealing with something over here as well! The ship is taking a lot of damage! Whatever this is, it isn’t small…oh god. No…” a voice shouted through.

Everyone’s gaze shifted to the Naval ship. Large tentacles slithered up the sides, whipping through the air and grabbing members aboard. Screams rang across the water.

Chief Bradly turned to Mike.

“Captain Harrow, I’m assuming control over this vessel under emergency authority. Get us moving – NOW.”

Mike nodded and sprinted into the cabin. Williams followed close behind.

“Captain, I’ve been trained on high-speed maneuvers for smaller, civilian vessels and I’m the best of my crew. Permission to take the helm?” she asked, saluting.

Mike glanced back at Chief Bradly through the window, who was now busy barking orders to the rest of his team. He nodded to Williams and stepped aside.

“Try not to wreck her,” he instructed and she nodded.

The engine roared to life and Williams eased the throttle forward. Her hands maneuvered the boat steadily and steered them away from the unfolding chaos.

“Impressive,” he said, watching her.

“Thank you, sir, but we’re not clear yet,” she responded, eyes staring ahead at the thick fog that still splayed across the sea.

“Right – you get us out of here, I’ll check on the others.” He bolted out of the cabin, leaving Williams to navigate.

She glanced at the sonar screen. A massive blip moved across then vanished. She gripped the wheel tighter.

Memories of her fallen comrades’ screams still rang in her ears. She squinted at the fog, trying desperately to see anything through it, but there was nothing. No horizon. No end.

Then, something flickered on the radar. A single blip, then disappeared quickly.

She grabbed the mic for the radio and began shouting.

“Mayday. Mayday. Mayday. This is Petty Officer Williams of the HMS Chronospear. I am aboard the Chalkydron. We are in distress! Please respond!”

No response.

“Mayday. Mayday. Mayday. This is—” Suddenly, the boat jolted again, tossing the mic from Williams’ hand. As she reached down to grab it, she heard a scream just outside the cabin.

She stood and turned to look behind her. Outside, she could see a long, purple and blue tentacle reaching up and wrapping itself around the boat.

Heart pounding, she spun back to the helm. GPS speed read 0.0 knots. They stopped moving.

“Mayday. Mayday. Mayday. This is Petty Officer Williams, aboard the Chalkydron. We are in distress! Someone – please respond!” she shouted. More screams came from outside and she watched as, one by one, the tentacles grabbed and dragged each member off board. Mike, Chief Bradly, they were all gone.

“Mayday! Mayday! Mayday!” she sobbed. “This is Petty Officer Williams, aboard the Chalkydron. The rest of the crew – they’re all dead! I am the only survivor left! Please respond!”

The boat shook violently, throwing Williams to the floor. She stayed, clutching the mic like a lifeline.

“Please,” she pleaded.

Suddenly, a voice responded on the radio.

“Unidentified vessel, this is the Chalkydron, repeat your position. Over.”

Her eyes flashed at the radio as realization swept over her. She raised the mic once more.

“Turn around,” she said. “Don’t come here. Please. Save yourselves.”

Dropping the mic, she stood and walked out of the cabin to face her fate. Ahead, the fog was thinning. The setting sun split through like a final breath of light.

A wall of teeth rose from the sea, surrounding the boat. She had nowhere left to run.

And, just before the monster snapped its jaw, a faint green flash rippled across the horizon – like a warning. Then, nothing but darkness.

Baked Cheddar Chicken

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Ingredients

  • 2 slices toast
  • 8 ounces Cheddar cheese, cubed
  • 1/4 cup parsley flakes
  • Garlic salt to taste
  • 1/2 cup (1 stick) butter, melted
  • 10 pieces chicken, skinned

Instructions

  1. Put toast in food processor until crumbled, then add cubed cheese and blend until cheese is mixed with crumbs. Add parsley flakes and garlic salt.
  2. Skin chicken and roll in melted butter and place in an aluminum foil lined pan. Pat the bread mixture onto the chicken. Drizzle the remainder of the butter over the chicken.
  3. Bake uncovered at 350 degrees F for 1 hour.

Neither. Inequality is the normal effect of freedom.

If you have freedom, then you will have inequality.

If you plant seeds in the ground in your garden, you will have plants growing there. That’s not a ‘necessity’ or a ‘cultural’ result. It’s merely what happens when you plant seeds.

I had the following situation happen to me with a co-worker, but let me illustrate it better.

So say you have two people, both working the exact same job at the same company, earning the same wage.

And let’s say that you are splitting an apartment, and so your expenses are about the same.

Now at the end of every month, you each have about $1,000 in spare money.

So one person they spend their $1,000 every month. They buy junk, and stuff, and party, and buy things and whatever.

And then the other person, they invest the money into stocks.

Forward 30 years, the first person will be broke with nothing, and the other person will have about $2 Million in assets.

That’s inequality.

And as I said, I lived this out. Me and a co-worker split a condo, so our bills were about the same, but I watched them spend everything they had, every single month. Meanwhile, I had a large emergency fund in my bank account, and I had invested in stocks, and had actually paid off the last of all my debts in the same time period.

They were absolutely broke, constantly. All the time.

I always had money, and they would whine at me that they were poor, but every week they would show off whatever new stupid gadget they got, and then complain about being poor again.

Inequality is the result of choices. People who make bad choices end up poor.

A janitor secretly amassed an $8 million fortune and left most of it to his library and hospital
A one-time janitor and gas station attendant demonstrated that you can become a multimillionaire with a modest salary.

People who make good choices end up rich.

That is not just normal, but this both morally good, and right. People who spend all their money should have none, because that’s what they did.

And people who invest, and start businesses, and make wise saving decisions, should be rich. That’s their reward for good choices.